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Unit-11      Arts and Creation Why Is the Renaissance Important? Grammar Relative clauses Structure: Place-where, person-whom/who/whose, object-which, time-when  he, she, we, they=who him, her, us, them=whom his, hers, ours, ‘s,  theirs=whose subject or object= that Object=which Complete the following sentences with correct relative pronouns and write whether the clauses are defining or non-defining. That’s the house …where… I was born. (Defining Relative Clause) My aunt Nita, …who,… a journalist, is coming to visit next week. (Non-Defining Relative Clause) People …who… like outdoor activities will love our holidays. (Defining Relative Clause) The early 1960s, …when,… the Beatles first started, was a very…

Unit-10      Chapter: Home Life and Family Relationship Grammar: Connectives Exercise from the Book But, However, Although/Even though, In spite of/despite Connectives are words or phrases that link sentences (or clauses) together. Connectives can go from the very simple, such as ‘and’ or ‘next’ to the more descriptive, such as ‘consequently’ or ‘meanwhile.’ Although We can use ‘although’ at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject). Although the weather is bad, I love London. In spite of/Despite…

Unit-9  Democracy and Human Rights   Inauguration Speech of Nelson Mandela Grammar Exercise from the Book  Should and Had better Use of Should: Should is used to give suggestion. Example: You look tired. You should go to bed. Use of Had better:    Had better basically is used in English to give a warning. It means that if you don’t follow the warning given with had better, something bad will happen. Example: It might rain. You had better take an umbrella.   Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t. Use one of these verbs. Drink, visit, leave, roam, quit You have really done…

Class 11 English Grammar Exercise Unit-8: Chapter  Humour and Satire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IwjFcYWnpk Grammar: Present simple or present continuous/progressive Present Simple=S+v1/v5+O Present continuous/progressive=S+ is/am/are+v4+O A) Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or present continuous. Nisha speaks…… (speak) English very well. Hurry up! We are waiting…… (wait) for you. Excuse me! Do you speak…… (you/speak) English? She is having…… (have) a shower in bathroom. How often Do you read…… (you/read) a newspaper? I’m sorry, I do not understand…… (not/understand). Can you speak more slowly? You can turn off the radio. I …am not listening… (not/listen) to it. I…

Unit-7 Ecology and Development Foresters without Diplomas Grammar:  Prefix and Suffix (Page 66) A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word that changes the word’s meaning. A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word that changes the word’s meaning. Prefix words:  Mal: maldevelopment, malpractice, malfunction Mis: misbehave, misplace, misfortune Un: unable, unhappy, unfair In: inactive, incomplete, insufficient Pre: prepaid, predetermine, preview Il: illegal, illegible, illiterate Dis: disloyal, disobey, dishonest Im: impolite, immoral, impartial Re: remix, repay, reuse  Ir: irregular, irresponsible, irrelevant De: derail, depart, degrade Non: nonprofit, nonstop, nonsense Suffix:  Suffix Example…

Unit-6        Health and Exercise  (Page:53)                                                                               You May Scoff… Grammar : Concord/Subject-verb agreement Subject-verb agreement is the correspondence of a verb with its subject in person (first, second, or third) and number (singular or plural). Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.   Singular:  Each, either, neither, one, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, nothing, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody,…

Unit-5        Life and Love: The Looking Glass by Anton Chekhov                               Grammar  Exercise from the Book: ( Page 46/47) Adjectives: If the person is feeling what the adj means, then use ed form If sth else causes the feeling, then use ing. If a person is cause behind the feeling, then use ing. Other feeling  – ing Adjectives ending in –ing describe what someone or something is like, whereas adjectives ending in –ed describe how someone feels. Examples: My friend is boring. My friend is interesting.…

Unit-4: History and Culture  Qin Dynasty Grammar  Exercise from the Book ( Page 39) Regular and Irregular Verbs The majority of verbs, called ‘Regular verbs’, follow the same pattern and create the past simple and the past participle using the same word ending, -ed. There are, however, verbs that have different endings, and these are called ‘Irregular verbs.’ Examples: Regular Verb: They played a football. Irregular Verb: They were national players. Exercise ( Page 39) A) Complete the texts below using the correct past forms of the verbs from the bracket. a) The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the…

Composition Imagine that a journey took longer than expected. Write a paragraph about what happened. I will never forget my travel from Kathmandu to Jhapa. I had gone there with my elder sister to spend my summer vacation. The return journey was delayed by natural, political and mechanical factors. It was rainy season when heavy rain and landslides often make road travel difficult. It had been raining from early morning on the day we left Kathmandu. It was already seven because it was the last bus. We had not reached Munglin when we saw a long queue of vehicles before…

Hansel and Gretel: Psychological Interpretation Bruno Bettelheim 1 What role do the birds have in the story? What do they symbolize? The birds symbolize the difficulties of the world the children need to face outside home. Some birds eat the pieces of bread Hansel has dropped on the way to the forest. As a result, the children cannot come back home. They are forced to find their own way. Another bird takes them to the house of the witch who nearly kills them. It symbolizes the dangers the children must face to gain their reward. Another bird helps them cross…

Hansel and Gretel: Marxist Interpretation Jack Zipes Interpret the story Hansel and Gretel from Marxist point of view. Jack Zipes interprets Hansel and Gretel from Marxist point of view. He calls “Hansel and Gretel” a political story showing the class conflict between the haves and have-nots. This is a story of hope and victory. The woodcutter and the children represent poor people. The witch symbolizes the contemporary feudal system. The children’s fight against the witch represents the conflict between the haves and have-nots. The indirect message behind the story might be that poor people must attack rich people if they…

The Boarding House James Joyce 1 Sketch the character of Mrs. Mooney. “The Boarding House” is all about the character of Mrs. Mooney, a strong determined woman, and her persuasive strategies to settle her daughter’s affair with Mr. Doran. Mrs. Mooney was a determined and impressive woman. As a butcher’s daughter she knew the techniques of trade. She knew when to give credit and when to be strict. But she made a mistake by marrying her father’s worker. He became drunkard and wasted the property. He even tried to kill her. She got separated from him, opened a boarding house…

Gretel Garrison Keillor 1 Interpret the story of “Hansel and Gretel” from feminist point of view. OR, Do you think Gretel represents modern feminist women?  OR, How is Garrison Keillor’s Gretel? Sketch the character of Gretel. Keillor’s “Gretel” is the feminist interpretation of the original story “Hansel and Gretel.” Here Gretel represents the modern feminist women. She raises voice against injustice and inequality. Keillor’s Gretel is strong, clever, brave and commanding. She guides Hansel in every difficult situation. She tries to convince the readers not to believe the original story. Gretel claims that she was deceived by both…

The Gingerbread House Robert Coover What are the most striking differences between Coover’s “The Gingerbread House” and Grimm brothers’ “Hansel and Gretel”. Hansel and Gretel The Gingerbread House There are five characters: the father, the step-mother, the two children and the witch.  There are four characters: the father, the two children and the witch. Stepmother is absent. The boy and the girl are identified by their names. They are identified only by the relation, not by names. This story begins in the house and ends in the house. This story begins and ends in the jungle. The main focus is…

UNIT 8: PLAYING WITH THE TEXT Hansel and Gretel Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1 Narrate/Retell/Write/Summarize the story of “Hansel and Gretel”. Once a poor woodcutter lived near a big forest with his wife and two children, Hansel and Gretel. The wife was the stepmother of the children. Because of their poverty, they couldn’t feed their children properly. One day the stepmother made a plan and forced her husband to leave the children in the forest. Next morning they went to the forest with the children. On the way to the forest Hansel dropped the shining pebbles, which he had collected…