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BBS Third Year Taxation Notes Chapter 1 Important Questions and Answer Only: Answer in English and Nepali Explain Canon of equity of taxation Answer: The canon of equity of taxation. It means justice of tax. It refers to the principle that taxes must be applied in a fair and equitable manner, with each taxpayer bearing a burden proportional to their ability to pay. This principle is based on the idea that taxation should not be arbitrary or discriminatory but should be based on objective criteria such as income, wealth or consumption. The principle of tax fairness is one of the…

How the Web Destroys the Quality of Students’ Research Paper by David Rothenberg Summary, Theme and Important Questions: Bed First Year C English Short Summary: In this essay, David Rothenberg discusses the negative impact of the internet on students’ writing, critical thinking, and originality. He argues that teachers have a responsibility to develop students’ critical thinking skills and encourage the use of books and reliable sources for research. Rothenberg criticizes students for relying on outdated sources, including unrelated graphs, and engaging in plagiarism. However, a letter to the editor suggests that Rothenberg should focus on teaching students how to use…

What is language right? Class 12 Optional English Answer: Language rights refer to the rights of individuals or communities to use, preserve and develop their own language. These rights show that language is an essential aspect of cultural identity and expression. Everyone should have the freedom to use the language of their choice in different areas of life like  education, media, government and public services. Language rights are based on the principles of language diversity, equality and non-discrimination.  Language rights may include: the right to education in their own language the right to access information and services in their language,…

Describe  Multiculturalism and Multilingualism Answer: Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence and acceptance of different cultural groups within a society. It promotes the idea that diverse cultures and ethnicities should be valued and respected, and that individuals should have the right to freely express and maintain their cultural identity. On the other hand, multilingualism is the ability of individuals or society to use and speak multiple languages. It involves the use and understanding of multiple languages, whether by bilingual or multilingual individuals, or by communities and societies where multiple languages ​​are used. In linguistic contexts, multiculturalism and multilingualism often go hand…

Language pedagogy refers to the methods and approaches used to teach languages. This involves studying language learning as well as developing effective teaching techniques and strategies. Language pedagogy covers many different aspects of language teaching, including curriculum design, lesson planning, classroom management, and assessment. It also involves understanding the socio-cultural and contextual factors that influence language acquisition. Effective language pedagogy often involves a communicative approach that emphasizes the use of language in meaningful and authentic contexts. This approach encourages students to actively participate in the language learning process through activities such as role plays, discussions and practical exercises. Other important…

Varieties of language refer to the different forms and variations of a particular language that exist due to factors such as regional, social, cultural, or historical influences. These variations can include differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and even writing systems. There are many types of languages, including: Dialect: They are regional or social variations of a language. They may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Examples include British English, American English, and Australian English. Tone: Accent refers to how words are pronounced in a particular area or by a particular group of people. For example, a Scottish accent, a Southern…

Language death refers to the complete extinction of a language when there are no more native speakers. This happens when a language is no longer passed down from generation to generation and is gradually abandoned to make room for another. There are several causes of language death, including: Cultural and economic dominance: As the dominant language becomes the preferred choice for education, government, media, and economic opportunity, speakers of smaller languages ​​can switch to the dominant language for social and economic benefit. Change language : Language shift occurs when a community uses another language as their primary means of communication.…

TSC Secondary level Licence Exam Question 2079: Secondary level Set: B Objective Question Paper FM: 100 PM: 50 Time: 1hr https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8TAI9RcdzM The teacher licensing exam varies by country and sometimes by state or province within a country. It often tests the knowledge and skills required to become a certified teacher. The exam may cover topics such as pedagogy, teaching methods, professional knowledge, classroom management, and educational psychology. Secondary education in Nepal refers to the education provided to students in grades 9 to 12. The curriculum at this level is designed to build on the knowledge and skills acquired in…

What is language change ? Write the causes behind the language change. Ans: Language change refers to the process by which language develops and undergoes changes over time. This can happen at different levels, including phonetic (sound), phonological (sound pattern), morphological (word formation), syntactic (sentence structure), semantic ( meaning) and vocabulary (vocabulary). Language change can be influenced by a variety of factors such as social, cultural and historical development, as well as exposure to other languages. This can lead to the creation of new words, changes in pronunciation or grammar, and the loss or alteration of existing linguistic features. Language…

Describe languages of Nepal. (Short Answer) Ans: Nepal is a linguistically diverse country with more than 123 languages spoken by different ethnic groups. The official language of Nepal is Nepali. It is spoken by the majority of the population. However, there are many other languages spoken in various regions of the country. Some of the major languages spoken in Nepal, apart from Nepali, include: Maithili: Spoken in the eastern Terai region. Bhojpuri: Spoken in the southern Terai region Tharu: Spoken in the Terai region. Tamang: Spoken in the hilly regions. Newari: Spoken in the Kathmandu Valley. These are just a…

The Sino-Tibetan language family is one of the largest  in the world, comprising more than 400 languages ​​spoken mainly in East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Here are some key features of the Sino-Tibetan language family: 1. Tonal language: Most Sino-Tibetan languages ​​are tonal, which means that the pitch or tone of a word can change its meaning. Mandarin  is a well-known example of a tonal language in this group. 2. Verb-subject-object word order (VSO): Many Sino-Tibetan languages ​​follow a verb–subject–object word order, where the verb usually comes before the subject and object of the sentence. 3. Complex…

The Afro-Asiatic language family is one of the largest  in the world, comprising about 300 languages ​​spoken mainly in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel. Here are some key features of Afro-Asian languages: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hHuAq30kcc&t=43s 1. Rating: The Afro-Asiatic languages ​​are divided into six main branches: Semitic, Egyptian, Berber, Cushitic, Chadic and Omotic.   2. Geographical distribution: Afro-Asian languages ​​are spoken over a wide area, from the Atlantic coast of North Africa to the Red Sea and  Arabian Peninsula, and from the Sahara  to the highlands of Ethiopia. 3. Jewish influence: Semitic languages, such as Arabic,…

Describe Indo-European language family and its characteristics. Ans: The Indo-European language family is one of the largest language family in the world. It has hundreds of languages ​​and dialects. It covers major languages ​​like English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian, Persian and many more. The languages ​​of this family are spoken by about 3 billion people, covering a large geographical area from Europe to South Asia. The Indo-European language family is thought to have descended from a common ancestral language known as Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It is estimated that the language was spoken around 4500-2500 BCE, although its exact time and place of…

What is a Language Family? Ans: A language family is a group of languages ​​related by a common ancestor. These languages ​​have some similarities in  vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, indicating their common origin. Language families can be  divided into individual subfamilies, clades, and  languages. Some well-known language families include Indo-European, Afro-Asian, Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian. The Indo-European language family is one of the largest  in the world, comprising hundreds of languages ​​and dialects. It covers major languages ​​like English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian, Persian and many more. The languages ​​of this family are spoken by about 3 billion people, covering a large…

The Mirror of Matsuyama: Bed First English Summary, Theme and Important Questions Summary of the Story The Mirror of Matsuyama by F Hadland Davis Characters: Matsuyama (Father), a business man Mother Daughter  Woman (Step-mother) Setting: Remote part of Japan Once upon a time, there was a man with his wife and a daughter who lived in a remote part of Japan. Before leaving home for a business trip to faraway Kyoto, the man  told his daughter that he would bring her  a present. At home, he gave his daughter a beautiful  doll, a  box of cakes  and a metal mirror for…