Unit-1 Education and Humanity Education First
Grammar Exercise from the Book (Page-8)
Alphabetical Order/Word classes/ Parts of speech
Rules: Always alphabetize names by the first letter of the last name. A before B, and so on. If the first letters of the last name are the same, order according to the second letter. In alphabetical order a come before b and so on.
Example: Apple comes before apply because (Apple) ‘e’ comes before apply ‘y’
B) Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
i. advance, analysis, amuse, assure, allergy, attain, aid, anxiety, acute, agreement
Ans: Acute, advance, agreement, aid, allergy, amuse, analysis, assure
ii. smoke, small, smart, speaking, smelling, smoothly, smuggler, smashed, smearing, smallpox,
Ans: small , Smallpox, , smart, smashed, smearing, smelling, smoke, smoothly, smuggler, speaking
iii. terminal, terminate, terminology, termite, terms, terrace, terrible, terribly,territory, terror
Ans: terminal, terminate, terminology, termite, terms, terrace, terrible, terribly, territory, terror
Class 11 New Compulsory English Unit-1 Education and Humanity ‘Education First’ Exercises
Grammar: Page 10
Word classes/ Parts of speech
Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function. Another name of word class is a part of speech. In the text below, certain words are underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.
Every word is a part of speech. The term “part of speech” refers to the role a word plays in a sentence.
Parts of speech
1. Nouns
A noun is a person, place, concept, or object.
Examples: Ram, Kathmandu, stone,etc.
2. Pronouns
Pronouns are the words you substitute for specific nouns.
Examples: She/he/they/It/We
3. Adjectives
Adjectives are the words that describe nouns.
Examples: funny, engaging, well-written, suspenseful, happy, sad .
4. Verbs
Verbs are words that describe specific actions.
Examples: play,watch,read,dance
5. Adverbs
An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another adverb.
Quietly, happily, silently, always, well, after, afterwards,before, never, now, soon ,still, then, today, tomorrow, abroad, anywhere, away, down, everywhere, here ,home, in , inside, out, outside, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs, not, nt, quite, rather, really, too, very,little, less, least, much, more, most
6. Prepositions
Prepositions tell you the relationship between the other words in a sentence.
Examples: In, on,at, across, in front of
7. Conjunctions
Conjunctions make it possible to build complex sentences that express multiple ideas.
Examples: and, but, or
8. Articles
A, an, the
governments – noun
temporarily – adverb
affected – verb
and – conjunction
in – preposition
immediate – adjective
the – determiner/article (a,an,the)
Grammar Exercise from the Book (Page-10)
B) Classify the underlined words into different word classes.
a) The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.
Ans: Who-pronoun wearing- verb my-Adjective
b) I bought a round table in the supermarket.
Ans: Round-Adjective the-determiner/article
c) Alas, she is dead.
Ans: Alas-interjection is-verb
d) Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.
Ans: Hard-adverb but-conjuction wife-noun very-adverb
e) I have never been to Japan.
Ans: Never-adverb Japan-noun
Class 11 New Compulsory English Unit-1 Education and Humanity ‘Education First’ Exercises
Grammar: Expressing Good Wishes (Page-11)
Structure: S+wish+you…
Example: I wish you a quick recovery.
I wish you all the best.
B) Work in pairs. Write how you would express good wishes in these situations.
a) Your sister is taking an IELTS test.
Arjun: Hello Ram, What is your sister doing nowadays?
Ram: My sister is taking an IELTS test tomorrow.
Arjun: I wish her all the best for the test.
Ram: Thanks.
b) One of your friends is attending a job interview and you meet him/her in the street.
Sital: Hello, what are you doing nowadays?
Roshan: I am attending a job interview tomorrow. So, I am going to the library to do preparation.
Sital: I wish you all the best for the interview.
Roshan: Thank you very much.
c) It’s your friend’s birthday.
Dipak: Hello Nirmal, How are you?
Nirmal: I’m fine thank you. What about you?
Dipak: I’m fine too. I wish you very happy birthday.
Nirmal: Thank you very much for remembering my birthday.
d) Your friend is leaving for a holiday abroad and you met her at the airport.
Samir: Hello Monika, I’m surprised to see you hear at the airport.
Monika: I’m going to Australia to visit my uncle there.
Samir: I wish you a happy journey ahead.
Monika: Thanks.
Class 11 New Compulsory English Unit-1 Education and Humanity ‘Education First’ Exercises
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Understanding COSC Certification and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Validation and its Strict Standards
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that verifies the precision and precision of timepieces. COSC accreditation is a mark of superior craftsmanship and dependability in chronometry. Not all watch brands pursue COSC accreditation, such as Hublot, which instead adheres to its proprietary strict criteria with movements like the UNICO calibre, achieving comparable accuracy.
The Science of Precision Chronometry
The core system of a mechanized timepiece involves the spring, which supplies energy as it unwinds. This mechanism, however, can be prone to external factors that may impact its precision. COSC-certified movements undergo demanding testing—over 15 days in various conditions (five positions, 3 temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests assess:
Average daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, peak variation rates, and impacts of temperature changes.
Why COSC Validation Is Important
For watch aficionados and connoisseurs, a COSC-accredited timepiece isn’t just a item of technology but a proof to lasting quality and accuracy. It represents a timepiece that:
Provides outstanding reliability and accuracy.
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Well-known Timepiece Manufacturers
Several well-known brands prioritize COSC accreditation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, provides collections like the Archive and Spirit, which showcase COSC-accredited mechanisms equipped with cutting-edge materials like silicon equilibrium suspensions to enhance resilience and performance.
Historical Background and the Evolution of Chronometers
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