Class 11 New Compulsory English Grammar Unit-18 Identity Crisis in Immigrants | Reported Speech

Unit-18 

                      Class 11  New Compulsory English Grammar

                              Identity Crisis in Immigrants

                                          | Reported Speech 

Homophones are words with the same pronunciation but having different meanings and spellings. For example:

board and bored

meet and meat are homophonous.

 

Choose the right word to fill in the blanks.

a) Can you …bury… the box in the back garden? (bury/berry)

Meaning=bury-put or hide underground

berry-fruit

b) Alex could not …break… the branch of the tree. (break/brake)

Meaning=break- separate into pieces

brake-a tool or machine

c) …Whose… pencil is on the floor? (Who’s/Whose)

Meaning=Whose-belonging to whom

  Who’s-Who is\who has

d) We have got very …few… (phew/few) tasks left.

Phew-expression of disgust/surprise/relief

few-small, some, countable number

e) Some tribes worship their gods before they …pray… (prey/pray)

pray-worship/prayer

prey-A living thing that is eaten by another living thing

f) …Damn… it. Everything is messed up.(Dam /Damn)

Dam-a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the  flow of water

Damn-To put out of favor, to condemn

g) What a wonderful …lesson… the professor presented. (lesson/lessen)

lesson-text/chapter

lessen-reduce, to make less

Class 11 New Compulsory English Unit 18 Immigration and Identity Identity Crisis in Immigrants Exercise

 

Reported Speech

Example:

Direct speech: I’ve lost my umbrella.

Reported speech: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.

 

General Rules:

Simple present tense(s+v1/v5+o) into Simple Past tense(S+v2+O) Present Continuous Tense(s+is/am/are+v4+o) into Past Continuous Tense(s+was/were+v4+o) Present Perfect Tense(s+has/have+v3+o) into Past Perfect Tense(s+had+v3+o) Past Simple Tense(s+v2+o) into Past Perfect Tense(s+had+v3+o) Past Continuous Tense(s+was/were+v4+o) into Past Perfect Continuous Tense(s+had been+v4+o) Past Perfect Tense(s+had+v3+o) (the tense remains unchanged) shall’ and “will” become ‘would’ Will into Would Will be into Would be Will have into Would have Will have been into Would have been Can into Could Could (The verb remains unchanged) Have to into Had to Must into Must/Had to May into Might Might (The verb remains unchanged) Should (The verb remains unchanged)

Time and place references often have to change in Indirect Speech Now –> Then Today –> That day Here –> There This –> That Tomorrow –> The following day/ The next day/ The day after Next week –> The following week/ The next week/ The week after Yesterday –> The previous day/ The day before Last week –> The previous week/ The week before Ago –> Previously/ Before Tonight –> That night

There is no change in verb tenses in Indirect Speech when: The introductory verb is in the Present, Present Perfect or Future. If the reported sentence deals with a fact or general truth. The reported sentence contains a time clause. The verb of the sentence is in the unreal past (the second or the third conditional). The subjunctive stays unchanged in the subordinate clause. Had better, could, would, used to, should, might, ought to and mustn’t remain unchanged. If the speaker reports something immediately or soon after it was said

 

Change the following into indirect speech.

a) She said, “While I was having dinner, the phone rang.”

Ans: She told me that she had been having dinner while the phone had rung.

b) My friend said, “Where are they staying?”

Ans:  My friend asked  where they were staying

c) Jamila said, “I travel a lot in my job.”

Ans: Jamila said that she travelled a lot in her job.

d) She said to me, “We lived in China for five years.”

Ans: She told me that they had lived in China for five years.

e) He said to me, “Do you like ice-cream?”

Ans: He asked me if I liked ice cream

f) They said, “Hurray! We’ve won the match.”

Ans: They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

g) He said, “I’d tried everything without success, but this new medicine is great.”

Ans: He said that he had tried everything without success, but that new medicine was great.”

 

h) Sony said, “I go to the gym next to your house.”

Ans: Sony said that she went to the gym next to my house.

i) He said, “Be quiet after 10 o’clock.”

Ans: He told me to be quiet after 10 o’clock.

j) He said, “I don’t want to go to the party unless he invites me.”

Ans: He said that he didn’t want to go to the party unless he invited him.

k) He said to me, “I will see you tomorrow if you meet me.”

Ans: He told me that he would see me the next day if I met him.

l) She said, “If I were you, I would give up the work.”

Ans: She advised me to  give up the work.

Class 11 New Compulsory English Unit 18 Immigration and Identity Identity Crisis in Immigrants Exercise