English Language Teaching in Nepal

The English language teaching (ELT) situation in Nepal reflects the nation’s educational, political, and social changes. At present, English functions as a foreign language in the education system.

Early Beginnings

English teaching in Nepal began in 1854 when Jung Bahadur Rana established Durbar High School. However, only children of the Rana families had access to this education.

Later, in 1918, the establishment of Tri-Chandra College marked another milestone. For the first time, students could study English at the higher education level.

Growth After the Rana Regime

After the Rana regime ended in 1950, the education sector opened to the public. In 1971, the National Education System Plan (NESP) introduced English teaching in public schools.

Similarly, Tribhuvan University (TU) launched the B.Ed. program in English education in 1959. This program trained teachers and expanded English instruction across the country.

Rise of English-Medium Education

With the restoration of democracy in 1990, schools increased rapidly. By the late 1990s, private schools grew strong and shaped public opinion. Many parents began to believe that English-medium education meant better quality.

As a result, even public schools started shifting to English instruction. Parents from lower-income families also wanted their children to study in English, hoping for better opportunities.

Government Support and Policy Changes

In 2000, the government introduced the Education for All: National Plan of Action (2001–2015) to expand English education in public schools. Later, the Education Act of 2010 allowed schools to use English, Nepali, or local languages as mediums of instruction.

Therefore, more public schools moved toward English-medium instruction, responding directly to parental demand and social expectations.

Present Situation of English in Nepal

Today, schools across Nepal teach English as a foreign language from Grade 1 to Grade 12. Private schools focus heavily on English-medium education, while many public schools also continue to switch.

Overall, English in Nepal has transformed. Once reserved for the elite during the Rana era, it has now become a mainstream part of education. Moreover, it shapes students’ career paths and strengthens their global competitiveness.